Distance creates proximity: Unraveling the influence of geographical distance on social proximity in interorganizational collaborations

A vital ingredient for the success of interorganizational collaboration projects is strong personal relationships among partners. Their formation structured by geographical distances between In corresponding research, it assumed that geographic distance inhibits face-to-face interactions, which are highly effective tie-formation. However, findings from adjacent fields research suggest greater can also be conducive to development relations. this paper, we unravel these contradictions. Empirically, examine 2132 ties individuals 20 government-funded innovation using a mixed-method design. Statistical analysis data reveals U-shaped correlation and social proximity. Contrary common assumptions, large found particularly forming relationships. The qualitative explains finding identifying systematically relating five practices associated with specific (differently)